As a rule of thumb, uncertainty, hardship and lack of financial lead to disputes among the various groups of people in the society. The embedded-tabarru’ principle in the enactment of takaful, will reduce or mitigate that such kind of disputes.
In originality, tabarru’ is derived from an Arabic noun which means donation, gift, and contribution to others. In a broader perspective, a person who makes a donation in the form of asset or benefit to other person either now or in the future without the expectation of any potential return with the intention to perform good deed and pious. They are not seeking any material gains or returns from the donation. They only perceive the rewards of ALLAH SWT either in this world or in the hereafter.
From the angle of takaful, the premium paid is treated as a voluntarily donation to unfortunate few without any intention to grab potential return in the future. The practice of tabarru' principle is the main core of the takaful system which is originally introduced to eliminate the element of uncertainty incorporated in the conventional insurance. Besides that, it is also free from the elements of riba and gambling.
The absence of these above three elements will lead to fairness and justice in the society. With this will later provide a conducive place to stay. This is realised once everyone in the society deserves or entitles his own rights. To this he would able to have a life in order with other fellow colleagues in the society with no fire fighting, no back-stabbing and everyone in the compromising mood and also not segregated by certain teammates. In the long run, this will further enhance the social bonding and capital of the society.
As mentioned earlier, takaful tabarru’ is purely-voluntarily donation with the sincere intention to donate to other participants who faced with difficulties, which supposed not to be taken back. With regards to this, a participant agrees to put aside a certain proportion of his takaful premium paid to the insurer. He also intentionally agrees or undertakes to pay which enabling him to fulfil his obligation of mutual cooperation and shared-guarantee, if any of his fellow participants suffer a defined loss. For the participants, the only aim is to receive ALLAH’s rewards in this world and the hereafter. No should capital gain is intentionally comes across to his mind. This way in line with the saying of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in one Hadith as:
" He who helps a brother in a crisis in life , then Allah will help him during the Day of Judgement as well. And he who covers the error of a muslim, then Allah will cover for him on the Day of Judgement. And he who made something become easier for a fellow muslim,then Allah will help him as well in Life and the Hereafter. And Allah will assist anyone who assists his brothers.
Truly, the participation in the takaful cannot to be treated as a stepping stone to generate some profits or appreciate wealth. If each one of the takaful participants has that kind of intention or mentality, there is no social impacts will be realised!
The existence of profit-making intention among the takaful participants will lead to greediness and arrogance among the people in the society. As for those who are rich, they will manipulate the takaful plan as a portfolio investment to appreciate their wealth, instead of a protection plan. Such kind of situation will create a social gap in the society and will further bring down the social bonding and capital to the society. Therefore, the takaful plan with the tabarru’ principle exists with the primary objective is to pay a defined loss from a defined-shared-fund.
In essence, the tabarru' principle would come together with the sincerity. This will enable the participants to perform their deeds sincerely to help the other fellow participants who probably suffer a loss or damage due to an unexpected-defined losses or damage. At the end of the day, the act of sincerity will put people together with the same mission to acquire ALLAH’s rewards. Once, each and everyone strive for the same mission, they are able to work together as teammates. This later will foster the social bonding and social capital of the society. ALLAH SWT mentioned in the Holy Qur’ an as:
The element of tabarru’ which is embedded in the takaful can also be treated as cement that joins bricks together in one wall or building. Hence, in principle the more donations given, the stronger joint-bricks will establish. The bricks can be metaphorically treated as a diversification of group of people in the society, which supposes to back up each other. With regard to this, there is a saying of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in one Hadith that stressing the importance of joining together.
" Muslim to muslim is like bricks in one wall supporting each other ".
Hence, it is clearly emphasized that if we are able to hold people together in solidarity and brotherhood in Islam, we shall able to have a strong social bonding and capital in the society.
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